Dualex是一款源自于法國國家科學(xué)院 (CNRS)及巴黎第十一大學(xué)技術(shù)，由奧地利PESSL公司生產(chǎn)（原法國Force-A公司）開發(fā)的新型多功能葉片測量儀。它可同時(shí)準(zhǔn)確測量葉片的葉綠素含量、葉片表層的類黃酮和花青素含量，適用于植物生理學(xué)和農(nóng)學(xué)（如水稻葉綠素濃度，玉米氮素狀況，葡萄藤等）相關(guān)研究。

其測量對象可以是單子葉植物，雙子葉植物或多年生植物。這款設(shè)備簡單易用，可進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)和非破壞性測量。由于不需要校準(zhǔn)標(biāo)定和事先的樣品制備，測量工作可在實(shí)驗(yàn)室或現(xiàn)場完成。此外，該設(shè)備在各種溫度的和環(huán)境光照條件下均可正常使用。系統(tǒng)采用設(shè)計(jì)，光學(xué)傳感器可進(jìn)行簡單、快速、無損測量葉片中的葉綠素、多酚以及花青素。

Dualex便攜式智能氣象-葉綠素-花青素-黃酮醇測量儀

獲得安全的供水對提高一個(gè)人的生活質(zhì)量很重要。我們研究了水資源可用性對家庭每月支出的影響（因變量）與自變量之間的關(guān)系，如家庭特征、水箱大小、使用說明和施工后指導(dǎo)，包括與水相關(guān)的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理。該樣本由301名在烏干達(dá)收集雨水的受訪者組成。采用多元回歸分析對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析。研究結(jié)果表明，施工后指導(dǎo)和儲罐尺寸是重要變量。這項(xiàng)研究表明，在安裝供水設(shè)備后，需要采取后續(xù)行動來改善健康狀況，即提供有關(guān)水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的信息，促進(jìn)閱讀規(guī)范，并促進(jìn)信息來源的可用性和可承受性，例如補(bǔ)貼報(bào)紙和信息支持設(shè)備（計(jì)算機(jī)）。此外，這項(xiàng)研究還表明，由于供應(yīng)商在水方面的支出減少，以及對缺水（如脫水）造成的與水有關(guān)的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的管理，節(jié)約成本的可能性增加?？偟膩碚f，該研究揭示了促進(jìn)發(fā)展中國家政策和衛(wèi)生的兩種可能方式：（1）確保對所有水資源提供充分的建設(shè)后指導(dǎo)；（2）確保家庭可持續(xù)供應(yīng)充足的安全用水。

熒光測量：熒光指數(shù)由兩個(gè)便攜式熒光傳感器Dualex®4 Scientific和Multiplex®3評估。二者被用來記錄實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中的情況。這些設(shè)備可用于在野外自然輻射或受控室內(nèi)人工輻射條件下對電廠狀態(tài)進(jìn)行即時(shí)評估。

Influence of water shortage on apple seedling growth under different radiation composition

Having access to a safe water supply is important to improve a person's quality of life. We examine the relationship between the influence of water availability on monthly household expenditures (the dependent variable) and independent variables such as household characteristics, tank size, usage instructions and post-construction guidance, including the management of water-related health risks. The sample consisted of 301 respondents who harvest rainwater in Uganda. A multiple regression analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings show that post-construction guidance and tank size were significant variables. This study suggests the need for a follow-up to improve health after the installation of water supply equipment, i.e., to provide information about water risks, foster reading norms and facilitate the availability and affordability of information sources, e.g., subsidised newspapers and information support devices (computers). Additionally, this study shows the possibility of increased savings due to reduced expenditures on water from vendors and the management of water-related health risks caused by a water shortage, e.g., dehydration. Overall, the study reveals two possible ways to advance policy and health in developing countries: (1) ensuring sufficient post-construction guidance for all water resources; and (2) ensuring a sustainable supply of adequate safe water in households.

Fluorescence measurements: Fluorescence indices were assessed by two portable fluorescence sensors, Dualex®4 Scientific and Multiplex®3 (Force-A, Orsay, France). They were adopted to record conditions during the experiment. These devices can be used for instant evaluation of the plant status both under natural irradiance in the field or under artificial irradiance in controlled chambers.

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